Climate litigation refers to legal actions taken against governments, corporations, or other entities responsible for contributing to climate change or failing to address its impacts.

Examples include but are not limited to communities suing corporations responsible for damage to their local environment; citizens suing governments for their lack of climate action being an infringement on constitutional or human rights, etc.

Sweden is currently grappling with a significant rise in gang-related violence, including drug trade, shootings, and bombings which have started to trickle down to neighboring nations. The gangs mainly recruit youth from underprivileged areas where many of the residents are from immigrant backgrounds.

The current right-leaning coalition government has gained popularity by emphasizing the necessity of aggressively tackling gang violence. There have been discussions around stricter gun crime penalties, lowering the age of criminal responsibility, deporting gang members with non-Swedish backgrounds, and involving the military in supporting police efforts.

However, the left-leaning Social Democrats, the most prominent opposition party, has argued for more preventative measures and more resource allocation to underprivileged areas.

A main bank system is characterized by bank-centered financing, where firms rely on long-term loans from a primary bank that also plays a key role in corporate governance and risk management. The main bank takes on a supervisory role, monitoring the company's performance and advising on strategic decisions, especially in times of financial difficulties. 

In contrast, standard financing depends on capital markets for funding, with corporate governance driven by shareholders.

'Direct Cinema' emphasizes observational filmmaking. Directors avoid interfering with or influencing the subject matter to capture events as they unfold naturally, with minimal interaction between the filmmaker and the subjects. The goal is to let the events speak for themselves.

On the other hand, 'Cinema Verite' embraces the director's presence and allows them to actively interact with their subjects. They may ask questions, provoke reactions, or even appear on screen.

"Model minorities" is a term which emerged in the U.S. that refers to demographic groups who achieve higher socioeconomic status compared to other minority groups.

Model minorities often achieve more-than-sufficient representation in particular areas of society. This includes, for example, the high proportion of Asian Americans admitted to universities or the high proportion of Jewish politicians in Western countries.

A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations. Examples of Western middle powers are Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

A ‘baby hatch’ is a place where people can abandon their babies anonymously. They are typically installed in hospitals, churches, social service centers, etc.